The ductility of thermoplastic polymers is reduced upon cooling 5. Pressuresensitive adhesives like those used on postitnotes often contain the. Chemistry folio chapter 9 form 4 free download as word doc. Approximate ranges for macromolecules, low polymers, high polymers. The invention of new synthetic methods allows the polymer chemist to design new polymer materials with specific mechanical, optical or electronic properties.
Synthetic polymers are a mainstay of modern life, but nature also makes polymers. Polyethylene is considered to be as one of the simplest polymer, it has ethene or ethylene as the monomer unit whereas the linear polymer is known as the high density polyethylenehdpe. You will synthesize and modify polymers, test their properties and use a fabrication technique to produce an object from a polymer. What are polymers and classification of polymers notes. Examples are proteins, cellulose, starch, resins and rubber. Folio chemistry form 4 chapter 9 3105 words pages synthetic polymer. The properties of a polymer are different from its monomers. A variety of synthetic polymers as plastic polythene, synthetic fibres. There are three different types based on the structure of the polymers. This page contains materials for the polymers class session on synthesis, properties and applications. Sorry for the inconvenience redirection provided by blogger to wordpress migration service. In this form of polymerization, two reacting monomers are brought together to form a new molecule of the desired compound as reaction continues, more reactant molecules combine with the molecules first synthesized to form polymers of length n 2, then polymers of length n 3, and so on in addition, polymers of length n 1 and n 2 also.
Baekeland and an assistant started their research in 1904 looking for a synthetic substitute for shellac. Synthetic polymer advantages disadvantages thermoplastics light low processing costs high. Bakelite, the first synthetic polymer bakelite, a phenolformaldehyde polymer, was the first completely synthetic plastic, first made by leo baekeland in 1907. For example, nylon 6, 6 is formed by the condensation of. Silicon is an element directly below carbon, yet the chemistry of carbon and silicon are very different.
For a polymer chain of 10,000 units a typical length, a standard. Properties depends on the form, expanded form is tough and rigid, petri dishes. Notes on terminology for molar masses in polymer science. Polymers polymers are the giant molecules of chemistry. Folio chemistry form 4 chapter 9 3105 words bartleby. Unesco eolss sample chapters fundamentals of chemistry vol. The polymers obtained by simple chemical treatment of natural polymers to change their physical properties like starch, silicones 3.
From the utility point of view they can be classified into three main categories. A polymer is a high molecular mass compound ranging from 5000 to one million and they are formed by the combination of a large number of one or more low molecular weight compounds. Polymers and the environment, emulsion polymerization, polymer science approach to physicochemical characterization and processing of pulse seeds, polymer characterization with the atomic force microscope, nonconventional method of polymer patterning, the properties and application of carbon. Free revision mobile apps recommended spm form 4 chemistry equations list spm form 5 chemistry equations listnota kimia spm dalam bahasa melaysia form 4 chemistry 02 structure of atom revision notes videos revision notes 2. These notes are preliminary and may contain errors. Examples of synthetic polymers plastics spm chemistry. In basic terms, a polymer is a longchain molecule that is composed of a large number of repeating units of identical structure. It features a 1hour lecture video, and also presents the prerequisites, learning objectives, reading assignment, lecture slides, homework with. The entire group 1 metal can react with oxygen to form metal oxide. Synthesizing a silicate chain to form rubber balls in the second part of the lab experiment, you will synthesize an inorganic polymer based on silicon. The process of joining together a large number of monomers to form a long chain polymer is called polymerisation. Polyvinyl chloride or pvc is thirdmost majorly produced plastics coming after polypropylene and polyethylene. The small buildingblock molecules are called monomers. Free revision mobile apps recommended spm form 4 chemistry equations list spm form 5 chemistry equations listnota kimia spm dalam bahasa malaysia form 4 chemistry kssm form 4 chemistry 02 structure of atom revision notes videos questions revision notes the particle theory of matterdiffusiondiffusion in soliddiffusion in liquiddiffusion in gasbrownian.
Chemistry notes for class 12 chapter 15 polymers the word polymer has a greek origin. Synthetic polymers a variety of synthetic polymers as plastic polythene, synthetic fibres nylon 6,6 and synthetic rubbers buna s are examples of manmade polymers extensively used in daily life as well as in industry. Polymers are those which consists of repeated structural units known as monomers. These polymers are often better known through their brand names, for. Synthetic polymers are humanmade polymers derived from petroleum oil. Many of the raw materials for synthetic polymers are obtained frompetroleum, after refining and cracking process. The unit substance or substances from which the polymer is obtained is called a monomer. Addition polymers an addition polymer is a polymer which is formed by an addition reaction, where many monomers bond together via rearrangement of bonds without the loss of any atom or molecule under specific conditions of heat, pressure, andor the presence of a catalyst. To form carbon carbon bond, one often needs carbon. The process by which the polymers are formed is called polymerisation.
Which monomer can be used to prepare the following polymer. Synthetic polymer monomer uses polythene ethene plastic bags, plastic container polypropene propene piping, car batteries polyvinyl chloride, pvc. Polymer is defined as a chemical substance of a high molecular mass formed by the combination of a large number of simple molecules, called monomers. These polymers are found in nature, example plants and animals. Polymer consumption continues to grow and the range of both generalpurpose materials and speciality polymers has widened considerably over the past two decades. This concise handbook covers all modern synthetic methods in polymer science. The polymer which has been synthesized in the laboratory is known as synthetic polymer. There are several ways of classification of polymers based on some. While polymers form the basis of life, the history of synthetic polymers is relatively recent. Synthetic polymers types and examples polymer uses.
Examples of such polymers are polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polystyrene, polysulfone, etc 1. Molecule that consist of a large number of small identical or similar units joined together repeatedly are called polymer. Spm form 4 chemistry chapter 9 manufactured substances. Writing formulas for polymers chemistry libretexts. Addition polymers are formed by a reaction in which monomer units simply add to one another to form a longchain generally linear or branched polymer. Natural polymers occur in nature and can be extracted and often waterbased. Synthetic genetic polymers capable of heredity and evolution. Spm form 4form 5 chemistry revision notes spm chemistry. Form 4 chemistry chapter 9 manufactured substances in industry unknown. In this experiment, you will explore a class of chemical compounds known as polymers. This pvc is used for construction purposes as it is.
Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Synthetic polymers chemistry encyclopedia structure, reaction. The word polymer is derived from two greek words, poly that means many numerous and mer which means units. To determine melting point water bath to ensure uniform heating plot graph y axis start at 50 o c. Examples of synthetic polymers include nylon, polyethylene, polyester, teflon, and epoxy.
Synthetic polymers are those which are humanmade polymers. Synthetic polymers types and examples polymer uses chemistry. Synthetic polymers are derived from petroleum oil, and made by scientists and engineers. Examples of naturally occurring polymers are silk, wool, dna, cellulose and proteins. Chemistry of petrochemical processes sciencedirect. These identical structures, we understand as a unit made up of two or more molecules, join together to form a.
In chemistry of petrochemical processes, readers find a handy and valuable source of information containing insights into petrochemical reactions and products, process technology, and polymer synthesis. Polymers find their applications in ever more areas of modern technology. Herein, we study the monomerhelical polymer scaffold relationship by preparation of two novel phenylacetylene monomer series substituted at the phenyl ring in ortho, meta, or parapositions with the two enantiomers of either. They are a main constituent of our food starch, protein, etc. A s is the case w ith other reactions that proceed by a radical chain m echanism see. The common pet bottles are made of a synthetic polymer, polyethylene.
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